{"id":912,"date":"2017-07-22T03:49:36","date_gmt":"2017-07-21T20:49:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/?p=912"},"modified":"2017-07-22T03:49:36","modified_gmt":"2017-07-21T20:49:36","slug":"bien-dich-va-phien-dich-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/kinh-nghiem-cong-nghe\/bien-dich-va-phien-dich-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 g\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"font-size: 75%;\"><strong>I. Bi\u00ean \u2013 Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 75%;\"><strong>1. Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhau.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18050\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18050\" src=\"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/phien-dich-la-gi-600x400.jpeg\" alt=\"phien dich la gi\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba tinh th\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, v\u1eeba nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc, tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2. D\u1ecbch cabin<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ng\u1ed3i trong ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cabin), nghe b\u1eb1ng headphone v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o micro cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1\u2026n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18051\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18051\" style=\"width: 460px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18051\" src=\"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/dich-cabinh.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"307\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18051\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">D\u1ecbch cabin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ng\u1ed3i trong ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cabin), nghe b\u1eb1ng headphone v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o micro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>D\u1ecbch cabin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e1i ki\u1ec7t\u201d trong ngh\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt b\u1edfi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch song song v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c v\u1eeba nghe v\u1eeba chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 nhanh v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">3. Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u1ebft)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p th\u1eddi gian c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng hay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch n\u00f3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00fac n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phong ph\u00fa, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18052\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18052\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18052\" src=\"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/bien-dich-la-gi.jpg\" alt=\"bien dich la gi\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18052\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef gi\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch gi\u1ecfi. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/blog\/danh-muc\/kien-thuc-dich-thuat\">ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt<\/a> t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t.<br \/>\nKi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng am hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qua m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch \u201cng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n\u201d.<br \/>\nC\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trong t\u1eebng c\u00e2u t\u1eeb, ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u1ed5 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u \u00fd t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\nB\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">4. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngh\u1ec1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf: C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f4ng ty du l\u1ecbch, c\u00e1c to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n b\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, trung t\u00e2m d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec7n nay B\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi giang v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i (v\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v.v\u2026<br \/>\nHi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c phi\u00ean, d\u1ecbch ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 cao. Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i khi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch cho c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o hay h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, th\u00f9 lao h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 t\u1eeb 200 \u2013 400 USD\/ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f9 lao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t c\u1eadt l\u1ef1c. \u00d4ng Hu\u1ef3nh V\u0103n T\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ra th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 1 \u2013 2 tu\u1ea7n. Ri\u00eang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u1ecd c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">II. Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m bi\u00ean \u2013 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">1. V\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (working languages). Trong m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u c\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c. Do v\u1eady trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e2u c\u00fa m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c.<br \/>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 2 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng phong ph\u00fa, t\u01b0 duy linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<br \/>\nGi\u1ecfi ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecfi c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch t\u1eebng t\u1eeb (word by word) l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung, b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng ai hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<br \/>\nB\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trau chu\u1ed1t t\u1eebng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u l\u1ec7ch \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u201cr\u1eb1ng, th\u00ec, l\u00e0, m\u00e0\u201d, hay l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u0103n.<br \/>\nM\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ngh\u1ec1 bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e1ch. D\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n trong t\u1eebng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">2. V\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hay \u00fd ngh\u0129 ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i dung. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho bi\u1ebft Bill Gates tuy gi\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 cho con m\u00ecnh xem tivi \u0111en tr\u1eafng, \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m cho th\u1ea5y Bill Gates gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xa hoa l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh Bill Gates keo ki\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n mua s\u1eafm.<br \/>\nH\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n g\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111ang vi\u1ebft ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i (t\u01b0 duy ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch), d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u (t\u01b0 duy ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (t\u01b0 duy ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n).<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">3. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y v\u00ec khi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, th\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00f3ng t\u00ednh, n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a l\u1eddi d\u1ecbch sao cho r\u00f5 \u00fd l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i sao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i dung truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">4. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o, ngh\u1ec1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay quy t\u1eafc \u1ee9ng x\u1eed ri\u00eang. Chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng; th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t hay th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o l\u1eddi d\u1ecbch. Tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">5. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch gi\u1ecfi.<br \/>\n\u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1eed s\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\nC\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb t\u1eeb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">6. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eb7p c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 do n\u00f3i l\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1ed1n d\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap hai b\u00ean ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u l\u1eabn nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Khi c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh<br \/>\nL\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u1eadn\u201d v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ed b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3, \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mang l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh cho hai phe \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0ng n\u00ean nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u00edt l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, nh\u1eefng u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, n\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ed3, khen b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi, l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1ed9i m\u1eebng v\u00ec ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng khen ng\u1ee3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau n\u00e0y ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ed3 khen b\u1ea1n.<br \/>\nTh\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 xem, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng khi l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trong t\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u ch\u1eef, t\u1eebng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m trong th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd to l\u1edbn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<br \/>\nL\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 n\u1ed7i lo b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef; tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m hay lu\u00f4n d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat g\u00ec l\u1ea1 tai, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang \u00fd b\u00ean kia, d\u00f9 cho nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fat gi\u1eadn cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean.<br \/>\nL\u00e0 th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 so v\u1edbi phe \u0111ang ch\u1edd l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac k\u00e8m theo, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cnguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t\u201d nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ph\u00eda phe kia. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00f9i tai, m\u00e1t l\u00f2ng m\u00e1t d\u1ea1 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ni\u1ec1m ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1eb3ng may l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f3 nghe, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch d\u00e0nh cho phe kia th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ee9ng tr\u1ecdn c\u00e1c cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00eau tr\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u00f9 cho phe kia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kia. Ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00f3 nghe \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n nghe hay n\u00f3i cach kh\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu tr\u1eadn cho kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/blog\/kien-thuc-dich-thuat\/ky-nang-dich-thuat-can-co\">K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n c\u00f3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I. Bi\u00ean \u2013 Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 1. Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-912","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kinh-nghiem-cong-nghe"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/912\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bkmos.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}