<\/span><\/h2>\nKH\u00cd \u0110\u1ed0T HO\u00c1 L\u1eceNG TR\u00caN TH\u1eca TR\u01af\u1edcNG VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\u00a0Kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng (LPG) l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m PROPANE (C3H8). BUTANE (C4H10) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh khi khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean sau khi \u0111\u00e3 qua nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch kh\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh luy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n LPG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi 1.500 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 b\u1ebfp gas, \u0111\u00e8n gas, thanh tr\u00f9ng, s\u1ea5y, c\u1eaft, h\u00e0n, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u00f4 t\u00f4…<\/li>\n T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, LPG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u0103m 1957 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 400 t\u1ea5n, t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n 1.900 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964 v\u00e0 15.000 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975.<\/li>\n Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp LPG \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1984 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n cung \u1ee9ng cho l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1975.<\/li>\n Th\u1ef1c ra vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG trong d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng hay trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i, v\u1eeba ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eeba h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, v\u1eeba g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 \u0111i k\u00e8m nh\u01b0: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 LPG nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e8n gas, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, \u1ea5p tr\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ecf…<\/li>\n Trong n\u0103m 1993, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ELF Gas Saigon, Saigon Petro v\u00e0 Petrolimex \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a LPG tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/li>\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh doanh ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 12.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg nay \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 6.500 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg.<\/li>\n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LPG s\u1ebd t\u0103ng nhanh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/li>\n Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa, khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thu kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1edd ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u LPG s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/li>\n LPG s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\nTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt Ti\u1ebfng Anh kinh t\u1ebf b\u00e0i s\u1ed1 3: Kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/span>PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH V\u00c0 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN D\u1ecaCH THU\u1eacT<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n\nKh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng = Liquefied Petro\u1ec9\u1ec9um Gas th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft LPG \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Kh\u00ed H\u00ea- li-um (d\u00f9ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh) = Helium gas. Kh\u00ed Oxy = Oxygen gas. Kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c = poisonous gas (= h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c). M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9c = a gas attack.<\/li>\n Ch\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y m\u00ea khi gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu = She was given gas when she had an operation, (gas = h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c g\u00e2y m\u00ea trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu [= a mixture of gases used as an anesthetic in surgery]).<\/span>C\u00e2u 1<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nKh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t = Petroleum gas – PETROLEUM l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf (= oil which found underground or under the sea bed). C\u00f2n PETROL l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u x\u0103ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf (Petrol [Brit] is a product obtained from petroleum.)<\/li>\n \u00a0Ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng = to liquefy; to cause to become liquid. Liquified (p.p) use as adj. Eg: Nh\u1eadp 200 ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 = To import 200,000 tons of liquefied natural gas for the city. Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh = to be got (ho\u1eb7c gotten (US) from the gas. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay “got” = obtained; gained; received; taken…<\/li>\n D\u1ea7u th\u00f4 = crude oil; raw oil…<\/li>\n \u00a0Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 qua nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch kh\u00ed – after it has been processes (= manufactured, prepared…) in the gas separating plant.<\/li>\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh luy\u1ec7n = the process of refining; the method of manufacturing…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>C\u00e2u 2<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n = to develop. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y v\u1eeba l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – hay n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb” (intransitive verb) v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tha \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb – hay ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (transitive verb). \u00a0\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng = to application =>s\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.Eg: To apply a new method = \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (= \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng) m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi. To apply for a job = n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin vi\u1ec7c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n
Thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i khoa = This medicine is only applied for external treatment = this medicine is for external application only (= it is used only on the surface).<\/li>\n Thanh tr\u00f9ng = to sterilize (-se); to make sterile…. STERILE (adj.) US: [st\u00e9r\u0111] = v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng; kh\u00f4ng sinh s\u1ea3n, sanh \u0111\u1ebb (= completely clean and free from germs; not able to produce young or children).Eg: T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n = In Vietnam today, a lot of women of more than 3 children have been sterilized.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n
C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y khoa ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf anh ta b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c (- kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh con) = Medical tests showed that he was sterile.<\/li>\n \u00a0S\u1ef1 thanh tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n = sterilization.V\u00ed du: * S\u1ef1 thanh tr\u1eebng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y khoa n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp = The sterilization of these medical Instruments is extremely necessary for the next operation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n
T\u1ea1i An \u0110\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 2 con = In India, sterilisation is compulsory for parents of more than two children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>C\u00e2u 3<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nM\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ban \u0111\u1ea7u = The early consumption level<\/li>\n T\u0103ng d\u1ea7n 1,900 t\u1ea5n = then it (=that level) inereased to 1,900 tonnes…<\/li>\n Cung \u1ee9ng = to supply sth to (ho\u1eb7c for) sb, to supply sb with sth. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay to supply = to provide; to furnish… Eg: To supply food for (ho\u1eb7c to) children = to supply children with food…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>C\u00e2u 4<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nL\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng = civil field; civil domain…<\/li>\n Civian (n) & (adj): d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. C\u1ea3 hai t\u00ednh t\u1eeb “Civil” v\u00e0 “Civilian” nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 D\u00c2N S\u1ef0, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/li>\n Civil: Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (of human society; of people living together). B\u1edfi v\u1eady LU\u1eacT D\u00c2N S\u1ef0 ho\u1eb7c D\u00c2N LU\u1eacT ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Civil Law. N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn = civil war (war between two parties of the same State).<\/li>\n C\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c: Civil servant (= \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n).V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3 hai qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1eadt d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft trong v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 = Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in that explosion.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/li>\n
Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi qu\u00e2n ng\u0169 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 = He left the army and returned to civilian life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/span>C\u00e2u 5<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nTh\u1eadt ra = In fact; in reality; really; actually; it is true that…; the fact is that… V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Th\u1eadt ra anh ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c, ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? – He actually died in Germany, didn\u2019t he?<\/li>\n Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG trong d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p = The use of LPG in houses or industry ho\u1eb7c … for household purpose or industry (Household (n) = h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh – vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n Househol appliances = \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n Househol art = (ngh\u1ec7) thu\u1eadt t\u1ec1 gia, n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n Con g\u00e1i t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd (tr\u00f4ng coi) to\u00e0n b\u00f4 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec1 gia n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 = My daughter manages the entire household…<\/li>\n \u00a0V\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u1eeba ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n = Both far more convenient and economical than…<\/span>C\u00e2u 6<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\nV\u1eeba\u2026 v\u1eeba = both… and; not only… but also<\/li>\n M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t = to expand production activities; to increase (= to speed up) production situations…<\/li>\n D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5 \u0111i k\u00e8m = secondary services.<\/li>\n \u0110\u1ed1t c\u1ecf = hay burning; dried grass burning…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n